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Revelation 16:5 Debate – Opening Argument
The following is my planned opening argument in the Revelation 16:5 debate: The angel of the waters said (and John heard), “hosios” (or perhaps hesed) and John wrote by inspiration of the Holy Spirit and command of Jesus Christ, “hosios.” Therefore, Beza was wrong to replace “hosios” with “esomenos,” and the King James translators ought…
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Manetti's Revelation 16:5
Giannozzo Manetti (1396-1459) was one of the intellectual giants of the 15th century in the field of translation. His translation of the New Testament remains (as far as I can tell) unpublished. However, thanks to the digital age (and thanks to James Snapp pointing my way to the manuscripts), the manuscripts are available to view…
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Early Versions on Revelation 16:5
Metzger’s “The Early Versions of the New Testament: Their Origin, Transmission, and Limitations,” provides a helpful overview of the versional evidence that can sometimes attest to a particular Greek Vorlage behind the translation. Metzger’s taxonomy provides a useful skeleton: Syriac (link to my analysis) Coptic (link to my analysis) Armenian (link to my analysis) Georgian (link…
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Jerome's Vulgate at Revelation 16:5
Jerome (c.345 to 420) was one of the most influential Bible translators of history. His translation of the Old and New Testaments (as well as the apocrypha) became the dominant Latin translation, despite the existence of several Latin translations before him. Thus, particular attention has been paid to reconstructing the text of Jerome’s translation. The…
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Syriac at Revelation 16:5
In 2014, Gorgias Press published, “The Syriac Bible with English Translation: Revelation,” with the English translation by Jerome A. Lund, and the text prepared by George A. Kiraz. The translations of 11:17 (reflecting the non-insertion of “the coming one”), 15:4 (for a comparison translation of hosios) and 16:5 are of particular interest. At 11:17 (p.…
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Reformation Era (Broadly Speaking) Bibles at Revelation 16:5
Italian (discussed here – with discussion of French) Dutch (discussed here) Arabic (discussed here) Swedish – Gustav Vasa Bible 1541 (vol. 1, p. CLXI (verso), pdf page 761) – Gustavus Adolphus Bible (1618) (Could not locate – link to cover – link to many artistic aspects) According to reports, it has some updating wording and adds…
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Georgian Bible at Revelation 16:5
Joseph Molitor provided a Latin translation of the critical Georgian Bible, prepared (as best I understand) by Ilia Imnaišvili in The Apocalypse of John and Its Commentary (in Georgian, Tblisi or Tiflis 1961). Locating the actual Georgian version of this work has proven beyond my capabilities so far. The text is based on three manuscripts…
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Diodati's Versions at Revelation 16:5
Jean Diodati was born in Geneva to a family exiled from Italy for being Protestants. He became a professor of Hebrew at 21 years old (at Beza’s recommendation), and in 1609 he succeeded Beza as professor of theology in Geneva. He attended the Synod of Dordt and was one of the six men who drew…
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Arabic Bibles at Revelation 16:5
For reasons that probably don’t need to spelled out, the Arabic Bible has had a complex transmission history. Pre-Islamic Arabic translations do not seem to exist. Islamic era Arabic translations are seemingly from multiple different translations, and those translations may be from the Greek or – more likely – from a Coptic translation of the…